Drawing Schedule
A public drawing was held on February 8, 2023, to select legislative districts, lobbying firms, and lobbyist employers.
A public drawing was held on August 23, 2023, to select local jurisdictions, superior court offices, and statewide candidates who raised and spent less than $25,000.
A public drawing was held on December 5, 2023, to select general purpose committees subject to audit by the Franchise Tax Board.
Members of the public may view the recording of this public draw on YouTube.
The results of the drawings are shown in the 2023 Selections below.
2023 Selections
Each lobbying firm selected is subject to audit, including the individual lobbyists employed by the lobbying firm. The audit period for this selection will cover all reports filed for 2021 and 2022.
On February 8, 2023, the Commission conducted a drawing to select lobbying firms for audit. The following were selected:
Identification # |
Entity Name |
|---|---|
1382165 |
ACALYX ADVISORS, INC. |
F24625 |
ACKLER & ASSOCIATES |
1435150 |
ACORN WEST ASSOCIATES, INC. |
1456694 |
ACTIVE CAPITAL PARTNERS |
1400866 |
ALANIS GROUP; THE |
F00930 |
ARNOLD & ASSOCIATES, INC. |
1342629 |
ASANTE CAPITAL GROUP ADVISORS LLC |
1414020 |
AXIOM ADVISORS |
1437114 |
BARROS, LLC; LEAH |
1437898 |
BECKER & POLIAKOFF, PA |
F24784 |
BELL, MC ANDREWS & HILTACHK, LLP |
1406517 |
BLACK STRATEGIES, INC.; STEVE |
1435851 |
BOSTIC; MORGAN |
1338067 |
BOSTON PARTNERS SECURITIES, LLC |
1362958 |
CAL CONNECTED LLC |
1405234 |
CALIFORNIA ADVOCACY LLC |
1419081 |
CALIFORNIA HEALTH POLICY STRATEGIES, LLC |
1234564 |
CALIFORNIA RESOURCE STRATEGIES, INC. |
1444610 |
CALIFORNIA TOMORROW |
1382722 |
CAMPBELL STRATEGY & ADVOCACY |
1373800 |
CANYON SNOW CONSULTING |
F00861 |
CAPITAL REPRESENTATION GROUP, INC. |
F24917 |
CAPITOL ADVOCACY, LLC |
1339224 |
CAPITOL STRATEGIC ADVISORS, LLC |
1425054 |
CAPITOLO AND ASSOCIATES LLC; JENNIFER M. |
1276650 |
CHAFE; BONNIE |
1425240 |
CM3 ADVOCACY |
1340015 |
CSP SECURITIES, LP |
1388156 |
DIER ASSOCIATES, LLC |
1415160 |
DOHERTY LAW GROUP |
F00641 |
ELLISON WILSON ADVOCACY, LLC |
1392670 |
EWING, SANFORD |
1254494 |
FAIRHAVEN INSTITUTE |
1343359 |
FAP USA, LP |
1438333 |
FIRECHIEFS.COM LLC |
F23758 |
FLANIGAN FIRM; THE |
1436555 |
FOGARTY; FRANCESCA |
1455607 |
FOUNDRY 10 |
1401278 |
FP ADVOCACY LLC |
1360151 |
GAINES & ASSOCIATES |
F00024 |
GLADFELTY GOVERNMENT RELATIONS |
1449309 |
GOLDEN STATE PUBLIC AFFAIRS, INC. |
F00462 |
GONSALVES & SON; JOE A. |
1357619 |
GOULD GOVERNMENT RELATIONS; ROXANNE |
1387407 |
GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES, INC. |
F00845 |
GOVERNMENTAL ADVOCATES, INC. |
1437792 |
GRANT CONSULTING GROUP LLC |
1418554 |
HEIDORN CONSULTING |
1240014 |
HERRICK ATTORNEY AT LAW; JOHN |
1416073 |
HOFFMAN ADVOCACY |
1375402 |
HURST BROOKS ESPINOSA, LLC |
1441432 |
INTE SECURITIES LLC |
1435787 |
JT CONSULTING |
1318664 |
KAHN CONSULTING; CHRIS |
1435413 |
KBH ADVOCACY, INC. |
1438845 |
KEATINGE CONSERVATION LLC |
F24588 |
KEESLAR & ASSOCIATES GOVERNMENT RELATIONS |
1223222 |
KELLISON COMPANY, INC. |
F00833 |
KIM & ASSOCIATES, INC.; DAVID |
1438830 |
LEACOX CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENTAL ADVOCACY |
1356318 |
LEHANE; ERIN |
1428266 |
LIEBER; ROBERT |
1403192 |
LOOMIS ADVOCACY SOLUTIONS |
1406373 |
LUCIEN PARTNERS |
F00893 |
LYNCH & ASSOCIATES |
1396031 |
LYON CONSULTING; RJ |
1442950 |
MAHAFFY; SHANNON |
F24843 |
MARSTON; JEFF |
1357312 |
MB ADVOCACY |
1453756 |
MERRILL CONSULTING, LLC; JEANNE |
1423758 |
MILLER CESPEDES AND ASSOCIATES, LLC |
1417717 |
MINSKER CONSULTING |
1439125 |
MJM ADVOCACY, INC. |
1450852 |
MODEL SOLUTIONS LLC |
1366230 |
MONARES GROUP; THE |
1348579 |
MONUMENT GROUP, INC. |
1378720 |
MOZAIC MEDIA & COMMUNICATIONS, INC. |
F00621 |
MURDOCH WALRATH & HOLMES |
1356046 |
MVM STRATEGY GROUP, LLC |
F00933 |
NIELSEN MERKSAMER PARRINELLO GROSS & LEONI, LLP |
1339028 |
NOMURA ASSET MANAGEMENT U.S.A. INC. ("NAM-USA") |
1418989 |
OMNI GOVERNMENT RELATIONS |
1343241 |
ONATE GROUP; THE |
1412920 |
PACIFIC POLICY GROUP |
1393386 |
PELOTE STRATEGIC CONSULTING AND ADVOCACY |
F24880 |
PLATINUM ADVISORS, LLC |
1261533 |
POLITICAL SOLUTIONS, LLC |
1409572 |
PRIEST AND ASSOCIATES; TODD |
1435738 |
REDWOOD PUBLIC AFFAIRS |
1451025 |
REIMAGINE POWER, INC. |
1396265 |
RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES INC. |
1424875 |
RGS CONSULTING & ADVOCACY, LLC |
1401135 |
RMARCUS GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES |
1354640 |
ROOKER; ALEXANDRA |
1417413 |
ROOSTER PUBLIC STRATEGIES |
F00877 |
ROSS; ROBERT E. |
1375466 |
SADLER CONSULTING |
1415475 |
SC ADVOCATES |
1436118 |
SIERRA VIEW SOLUTIONS, LLC |
1433532 |
SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS (US) LLP |
1388908 |
STONE ADVOCACY |
1447192 |
TERRAPIN STRATEGY, INC. |
F24882 |
TOWNSEND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, INC. |
1394663 |
TRATTENPRICE CONSULTING LLC |
1384097 |
TREMONT STRATEGIES GROUP |
1400278 |
TUELL LAW |
1431447 |
UNION MADE LLC |
1439331 |
VALENZUELA CONSULTING; KATHERINE |
1412768 |
VORYS, SATER, SEYMOUR AND PEASE LLP |
1326557 |
WEIDEMAN GROUP, INC. |
1425214 |
WHAT'S B-YOND?, LLC |
1357171 |
WHITE BRENNER LLP |
1400817 |
YARYAN SIVERLING |
F24704 |
ZARAGOZA-DIAZ & ASSOCIATES |
Each lobbyist employer selected is subject to audit, including the individual lobbyists employed by the lobbyist employer. The audit period for this selection will cover all reports filed for 2021 and 2022.
On February 8, 2023, the Commission conducted a drawing to select lobbyist employers for audit. The following were selected:
Identification # |
Entity Name |
|---|---|
1442162 |
400 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC |
C28030 |
AARP |
1349939 |
ABRDN INC. |
1344346 |
ACADIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC |
1337878 |
ACT / THE APP ASSOCIATION |
1384212 |
ACTIS ADVISERS INC. |
1408740 |
ADAMS STREET PARTNERS, LLC |
1345219 |
ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND ITS SUBSIDIARY, SUNLEY HOUSE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC |
1341986 |
ALKERMES, INC. |
1451633 |
ALTAS PARTNERS LLC |
C00382 |
AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL |
1297212 |
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES LOCAL 3299 |
1397030 |
AMP CAPITAL INVESTORS (US) LTD |
1336771 |
APOLLO MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, L.P. |
1361932 |
ARCLIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC |
1350598 |
ARDIAN US LLC |
1338488 |
ARES MANAGEMENT LLC |
1382541 |
ARGAND PARTNERS, LP |
1338507 |
ARTHRITIS FOUNDATION |
1392917 |
ASIAN AMERICANS ADVANCING JUSTICE - SOUTHERN CALIFONIA |
E24628 |
ASSOCIATION OF REGIONAL CENTER AGENCIES |
1405987 |
ASTIGNES CAPITAL ASIA PTE LTD |
1348299 |
AVENUE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT II, L.P. AND ITS AFFILIATES |
1336354 |
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON; THE |
1336197 |
BARINGS LLC |
1343517 |
BAYVIEW ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC |
1377128 |
BERKSHIRE PROPERTY ADVISORS, L.L.C. |
1440474 |
BETTER HOLDCO, INC |
1356093 |
BNP PARIBAS ASSET MANAGEMENT USA, INC. |
C26750 |
BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY |
1421026 |
BNY MELLON SECURITIES CORP |
1389432 |
BREGAL INVESTMENTS, INC. |
1338772 |
BRIGADE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP |
1420431 |
BRIGHTON PARK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP |
1414605 |
CALBRIGHT COLLEGE |
1444795 |
CALIFORNIA ALLIANCE FOR RETIRED AMERICANS (CARA) |
C22539 |
CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF COUNCILS OF GOVERNMENTS |
1322913 |
CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONS |
E22985 |
CALIFORNIA BUILDING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION |
E01954 |
CALIFORNIA BUSINESS PROPERTIES ASSOCIATION AND ITS AFFILIATED ENTITIES |
1323986 |
CALIFORNIA CATHOLIC CONFERENCE |
C00833 |
CALIFORNIA CHAPTER AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS |
E01466 |
CALIFORNIA COMMON CAUSE |
C00774 |
CALIFORNIA CONSTRUCTION & INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS ASSOCIATION |
E00191 |
CALIFORNIA CREDIT UNION LEAGUE |
E00934 |
CALIFORNIA DISABILITY SERVICES ASSOCIATION |
1328231 |
CALIFORNIA EMPLOYMENT LAWYERS ASSOCIATION (CELA) |
1437881 |
CALIFORNIA ENTERTAINERS COALITION |
C00837 |
CALIFORNIA FUELS & CONVENIENCE ALLIANCE |
E24729 |
CALIFORNIA GROCERS ASSOCIATION |
E00218 |
CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION/CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF HOSPITALS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS |
1401628 |
CALIFORNIA IMMIGRANT POLICY CENTER |
E00254 |
CALIFORNIA MUNICIPAL UTILITIES ASSOCIATION |
C27778 |
CALIFORNIA RESTAURANT ASSOCIATION |
E21864 |
CALIFORNIA RIFLE AND PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. |
E00981 |
CALIFORNIA SCHOOL EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION |
C20945 |
CALIFORNIA SPECIAL DISTRICTS ASSOCIATION |
E00397 |
CALIFORNIA STATE ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES |
1335522 |
CANYON PARTNERS, LLC |
1400436 |
CAPULA INVESTMENT US LP |
1399801 |
CARTICA MANAGEMENT, LLC |
1336994 |
CENTERBRIDGE PARTNERS, L.P. |
1337686 |
CERBERUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. |
1338793 |
CHAMPLAIN INVESTMENT PARTNERS LLC |
1367282 |
CHEYNE CAPITAL US, LP |
1435986 |
CHORUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LIMITED |
1445094 |
CIBC ASSET MANAGEMENT INC. |
1335456 |
CLARION PARTNERS, LLC |
1425289 |
CLIMATE CENTER; THE |
E24536 |
COALITION OF CALIFORNIA WELFARE RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS |
1343573 |
COHEN & STEERS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. |
E22075 |
COLLEGE BOARD; THE |
1377882 |
COMMON SENSE MEDIA |
1443151 |
CONNAUGHT (US) LLC |
1419752 |
CORBIN CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP |
E21985 |
COUNTY BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION (CBHDA) |
1346515 |
COWEN INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC |
1338555 |
CQS (US) LLC |
1222699 |
CRESTWOOD BEHAVIORAL HEALTH INC. |
1369173 |
DIAMOND HILL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. |
1406753 |
DOORDASH, INC. |
1440466 |
DRAGONEER INVESTMENT GROUP, LLC |
1395712 |
EAGLE POINT CREDIT MANAGEMENT LLC |
1418970 |
EDUCATION TRUST; THE |
1341839 |
EMPYREAN CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP |
1356867 |
EMSO ASSET MANAGEMENT US LLC |
1435283 |
ENGINE NO. 1 |
1438100 |
ENTRUST GLOBAL PARTNERS OFFSHORE LP |
1336828 |
EQT PARTNERS INC. |
C27623 |
EQUALITY CALIFORNIA |
1376194 |
EQUILIBRIUM CAPITAL SERVICES, LLC AND AFFILIATED ENTITIES |
1337617 |
EQUITY INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT, LLC |
1362054 |
EVERSTREAM CAPITAL MANAGEMENT |
C25741 |
FEDERATED HERMES, INC. (FORMERLY FEDERATED INVESTORS, INC.) |
1441102 |
FIRST EAGLE ALTERNATIVE CREDIT, LLC |
1443502 |
FLO SERVICES USA |
E00453 |
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATES |
1334935 |
FORTRESS CAPITAL FORMATION LLC |
1342927 |
FPCG, LLC (D/B/A FOCUS POINT PRIVATE CAPITAL GROUP) |
1434858 |
GENERATION INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLP AND ITS AFFILIATES INCL JUST CLIMATE LLP |
1375631 |
GLOBEFLEX CAPITAL, L.P. |
1334865 |
GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. |
1451403 |
GOLUB CAPITAL LLC |
1387020 |
GQG PARTNERS LLC |
E24577 |
GREENLINING INSTITUTE; THE |
1394917 |
GREYSTAR INVESTMENT GROUP, LLC |
E21121 |
GSK |
1373939 |
GTIS PARTNERS LP |
C27217 |
HEALTH OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA |
1439844 |
HENDERSON PARK CAPITAL AND AFFILIATED ENTITIES |
1428869 |
INCLUSIVE CAPITAL PARTNERS, L.P. |
1441702 |
INCOME RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT |
1364986 |
INTERNET ASSOCIATION |
1426558 |
ISLAND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC |
1400359 |
JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC. |
1338224 |
JANUS HENDERSON INVESTORS US LLC (FKA JANUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC) |
E24530 |
JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC. AND AFFILIATED ENTITIES |
1435955 |
JUMPSTART FOR YOUNG CHILDREN, INC. |
1399321 |
JUUL LABS, INC. |
1346189 |
KAYNE ANDERSON CAPITAL ADVISORS, L.P. |
1338613 |
LA SALLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC. INCLUDING LA SALLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT DISTRIBUTORS, LLC |
E00559 |
LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA CITIES |
1241689 |
LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE |
1383864 |
LIBREMAX CAPITAL, LLC |
1415950 |
LIGHTYEAR CAPITAL LLC |
1373407 |
LONDON COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, LLC; THE |
1421534 |
LONE PINE CAPITAL LLC |
1446607 |
LONE VIEW CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. |
E00582 |
LOS ANGELES; COUNTY OF |
1337088 |
LYXOR ASSET MANAGEMENT INC. |
1337717 |
MARATHON ASSET MANAGEMENT LP |
E24607 |
MARCH OF DIMES |
1337693 |
MARTINGALE ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P. |
1425726 |
MASIMO CORPORATION |
E24706 |
MODIFIED MOTORCYCLE ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA (MMA OF CA) |
C24915 |
MOLINA HEALTHCARE OF CALIFORNIA |
E00032 |
NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION |
1337712 |
NATIXIS DISTRIBUTION, LLC |
1371565 |
NINETY ONE NORTH AMERICA, INC. |
1347895 |
NORTHERN TRUST INVESTMENTS, INC. |
1318355 |
NOURISH CALIFORNIA |
1340606 |
OAK HILL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC |
1334914 |
OAKTREE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. AND ITS AFFILIATE OCM INVESTMENTS, LLC |
1342386 |
OCTAGON CREDIT INVESTORS, LLC |
1446750 |
OMI MANAGEMENT US LP |
1362228 |
OSP, LLC |
1361880 |
OWL CREEK ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P. |
1336655 |
PAAMCO PRISMA, LLC |
1406684 |
PACIFIC FOREST TRUST |
E01982 |
PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATED ENTITIES |
1334849 |
PARTNERS GROUP (USA) INC. |
1346246 |
PGIM QUANTITATIVE SOLUTIONS LLC |
1337920 |
PGIM, INC. |
1434482 |
POINT72 VENTURES, LLC |
C27114 |
RESOURCE RECOVERY COALITION OF CALIFORNIA |
1436121 |
RIDGEMONT PARTNERS MANAGEMENT, LLC |
C22903 |
RIVERSIDE COUNTY OFFICE OF EDUCATION |
1417770 |
ROTHSCHILD & CO ASSET MANAGEMENT US INC. |
1405159 |
SABA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. |
1356408 |
SANDERS CAPITAL, LLC |
1393691 |
SENTRY INSURANCE COMPANY |
1446548 |
SHIPT INC. |
C27539 |
SILICON VALLEY LEADERSHIP GROUP |
1334806 |
SILVER LAKE TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, L.L.C. |
1434414 |
SILVER ROCK FINANCIAL LP |
1421611 |
SNAP INC. |
1298451 |
SOCIAL COMPASSION IN LEGISLATION |
1366123 |
SOCIETY FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT |
1353178 |
STARBOARD VALUE LP |
1337824 |
STARWOOD CAPITAL, L.L.C. |
E00913 |
STATE BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION TRADES COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA |
1400983 |
STATE STREET GLOBAL ADVISORS TRUST COMPANY |
1377374 |
STONEPEAK PARTNERS LP |
1318639 |
SUNRUN INC. |
C25850 |
TEACHERS INSURANCE AND ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA (TIAA) |
1377328 |
TENEX CAPITAL MANAGEMENT |
1381474 |
THOMA BRAVO, LP |
1381964 |
TIG ADVISORS, LLC |
1349867 |
TJC, L.P. |
1345928 |
TORCHLIGHT INVESTORS LLC |
1378395 |
TORTOISE CAPITAL ADVISORS, L.L.C. |
1386263 |
TRITON INVESTMENTS ADVISERS LLP |
1341654 |
TUDOR INVESTMENT CORPORATION |
E00823 |
UNION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS AND DENTISTS |
1396006 |
VARAGON CAPITAL PARTNERS, L.P. |
1448363 |
VERITION FUND MANAGEMENT LLC |
1442577 |
WAUD CAPITAL PARTNERS |
1441172 |
WCAS MANAGEMENT, L.P. |
E24747 |
WESTERN STATES PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION |
1430307 |
WESTWOOD GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, LLC |
E23788 |
WINE INSTITUTE |
1351513 |
ZAIS GROUP, LLC |
When a district is selected for audit, all candidates for that office in the primary and/or general election, and their controlled committees, will be audited if the $15,000 threshold has been met. For this selection, the audit will cover all campaign statements filed for the 2022 primary and general elections and previous statements filed since the last election for that office.
On February 8, 2023, the Commission conducted a drawing to select legislative districts for audit. The following were selected:
- Assembly District 2
- Assembly District 5
- Assembly District 9
- Assembly District 16
- Assembly District 19
- Assembly District 23
- Assembly District 24
- Assembly District 28
- Assembly District 31
- Assembly District 47
- Assembly District 49
- Assembly District 54
- Assembly District 56
- Assembly District 58
- Assembly District 61
- Assembly District 67
- Assembly District 71
- Assembly District 75
- Assembly District 77
- Assembly District 78
- Senate District 8
- Senate District 14
- Senate District 16
- Senate District 20
- Senate District 36
When a local jurisdiction is selected for audit, the audit shall include primary and general election candidates, at the last primary and general elections held prior to the audit selection. The audit will include the candidate’s controlled committee for that office and cover all campaign statements and reports filed for the primary and general election including any previous campaign statements or reports filed since the last election for that office. The audit will not include statements or reports previously audited.
On August 23, 2023, the Commission conducted a drawing to select 20 local jurisdictions. The following were selected:
- City of Maywood
- City of Menlo Park
- Grassland Water District
- City of San Ramon
- Riverside County
- City of Santa Cruz
- Ventura County
- City of Pasadena
- Grossmont-Cuyamaca Community College District
- Tuolumne County
- Perris Elementary
- City of Garden Grove
- Amador County
- Tulare County
- Merced County
- City of Fullerton
- Hopland Public Utility District
- El Dorado County
- San Mateo County
- City of San Marino
The candidates selected and their controlled committees will be audited, the audit will cover all campaign statements and reports filed for the 2022 primary and general election including any previous campaign statements or reports filed since the last election for that office. The audit will not include statements or reports previously audited.
On August 23, 2023, the Commission conducted a drawing to select 10% of the statewide candidates whose contributions and expenditures are less than $25,000. The following were selected:
| Entity Name | Office Held |
|---|---|
| NEWMAN II, ROBERT C. | GOVERNOR |
| HRIZI, NATHALIE | INSURANCE COMMISSIONER |
| MANVEL, Y. MARIE | MEMBER BOARD OF EQUALIZATION DISTRICT 03 |
| BERNOSKY, ROBERT E, | SECRETARY OF STATE |
| PAINE, JAMES W | SECRETARY OF STATE |
| LONG, AINYE E. | SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION |
When a contested Superior Court Office is selected for audit, all candidates for that office in the primary and general election, and their controlled committees, are subject to audit. The audit will cover all campaign statements and reports filed for the primary and general election including any previous campaign statements or reports filed since the last election for that office. The audit will not include statements or reports previously audited.
On August 23, 2023, the Commission conducted a drawing to select 25% of the offices contested. The following were selected:
- Alpine*
- Los Angeles #3
- Los Angeles #60
- Los Angeles #67
- Los Angeles #151
- Los Angeles #156
- Orange #28
- San Bernardino #7
- San Diego #36
*Per County, no Office # assigned.
The lists below include committees which were selected at random in the drawing conducted on December 5, 2023 and committees which have been audited but not found to be in compliance with the Act. The audit period will include all campaign statements filed for 2021 and 2022. The committees that raised or spent more than $10,000 supporting or opposing state candidates or state measures during a calendar year are subject to audit.
Committees in Substantial compliance
Identification # |
Entity Name |
|---|---|
| 742008 | 1014 LEGISLATIVE FUND COMMITTEE |
| 841545 | ACT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA ACT PAC) SPONSORED BY THE ACTION APARTMENT ASSOCIATION |
| 1287846 | ACTBLUE CALIFORNIA |
| 1243637 | AECOM PAC - CALIFORNIA ACCOUNT (FED PAC ID #C00374447) |
| 1262979 | ALLIANCE FOR CALIFORNIA'S TOMORROW, A CALIFORNIA BUSINESS COALITION |
| 1305799 | ALLIANCE OF AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS CALIFORNIA PAC |
| 970941 | AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION 1277 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 960772 | AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES - CA PEOPLE (AFSCME CA PEOPLE) SMALL CONTRIBUTOR COMMITTEE |
| 1254555 | AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES CALIFORNIA PEOPLE ISSUES PAC |
| 1347741 | AMERICAN SIKH PAC |
| 981243 | AMERICAN SUBCONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ASAC PAC) |
| 990463 | AMERICA'S PHYSICIAN GROUPS CALIFORNIA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, SPONSORED BY AMERICA'S PHYSICIAN GROUPS |
| 811735 | APARTMENT ASSOCIATION OF GREATER LOS ANGELES PAC |
| 761012 | ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ACLIC PAC) |
| 963088 | BIOCOM CALIFORNIA PAC |
| 1281049 | BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN PAC FUND |
| 741733 | BUILDING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION-POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1277100 | CAL FIRE LOCAL 2881 ISSUES COMMITTEE |
| 790318 | CAL FIRE LOCAL 2881 SMALL CONTRIBUTOR PAC |
| 1258616 | CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1283921 | CALIFORNIA ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS AND EDUCATION, AN ALLIANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS |
| 1240727 | CALIFORNIA ALLIANCE, A COALITION OF CONSUMER ATTORNEYS, CONSERVATIONISTS AND FOOD AND COMMERICAL WORKERS |
| 771333 | CALIFORNIA ALMOND GROWERS EXCHANGE COMMITTEE FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT |
| 1270458 | CALIFORNIA AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ISSUES FUND (CA ACEC ISSUES FUND) |
| 745208 | CALIFORNIA APARTMENT ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1247506 | CALIFORNIA ASSISTED LIVING ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 960015 | CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF BILINGUAL EDUCATORS PAC |
| 801218 | CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS PAC |
| 910643 | CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF MORTGAGE PROFESSIONALS PAC |
| 860894 | CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL SCIENTISTS (CAPS PAC) |
| 840154 | CALIFORNIA ATTORNEYS, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES & HEARING OFFICERS IN STATE EMPLOYMENT PAC AKA CASE PAC |
| 760934 | CALIFORNIA AUTOMATIC VENDORS - POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE 1976 (CAV-PAC '76) |
| 951402 | CALIFORNIA BEER & BEVERAGE DISTRIBUTORS ISSUES PAC |
| 1347816 | CALIFORNIA BLACK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 950352 | CALIFORNIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 901491 | CALIFORNIA CHECK CASHERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1337629 | CALIFORNIA COALITION FOR PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION PAC |
| 841219 | CALIFORNIA COALITION ON WORKERS' COMPENSATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 761357 | CALIFORNIA CONFERENCE BOARD, AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION PAC |
| 902202 | CALIFORNIA CORRECTIONAL PEACE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE |
| 910475 | CALIFORNIA CORRECTIONAL PEACE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION ISSUES COMMITTEE |
| 962913 | CALIFORNIA CORRECTIONAL SUPERVISORS ORGANIZATION PAC |
| 802171 | CALIFORNIA COTTON GINNERS AND GROWERS ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 850665 | CALIFORNIA DEFENSE COUNSEL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 910164 | CALIFORNIA EMILY'S LIST |
| 881029 | CALIFORNIA FACULTY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ISSUES COMMITTEE |
| 760960 | CALIFORNIA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FUND TO PROTECT THE FAMILY FARM (FARM PAC) |
| 1240104 | CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF TEACHERS COPE PROP/BALLOT COMMITTEE |
| 741857 | CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, COPE - AFT, AFL-CIO |
| 800697 | CALIFORNIA FRESH FRUIT ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 760808 | CALIFORNIA HOTEL & LODGING ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 741504 | CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION AFL-CIO |
| 760553 | CALIFORNIA LEAGUE OF FOOD PRODUCERS PAC |
| 1272633 | CALIFORNIA LIFE SCIENCES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1264568 | CALIFORNIA METALS COALITION PAC |
| 820364 | CALIFORNIA NOW PAC, A SPONSORED COMMITTEE FOR THE CALIFORNIA CHAPTER OF THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN (CA NOW) |
| 745825 | CALIFORNIA OPTOMETRIC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE AKA CAL-OPAC |
| 822774 | CALIFORNIA ORTHOPAEDIC ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 963026 | CALIFORNIA REAL ESTATE INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE - CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS |
| 810163 | CALIFORNIA REPUBLICAN PARTY |
| 891390 | CALIFORNIA RICE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 745910 | CALIFORNIA SMART TD PAC (FED PAC ID# C00001636) |
| 1288633 | CALIFORNIA SNOW POLITICAL COMMITTEE, SPONSORED BY THE CALIFORNIA SKI INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION |
| 782601 | CALIFORNIA SOCIETY OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 851683 | CALIFORNIA SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 746229 | CALIFORNIA STATE FIREFIGHTERS ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 1221953 | CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSOCIATION 1M GOVERNORS FUND |
| 1254179 | CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSOCIATION INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE |
| 861577 | CALIFORNIA THOROUGHBRED BREEDERS ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 861058 | CALIFORNIA TOMATO GROWERS ASSOCIATION INC. |
| 771044 | CALIFORNIA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 771276 | CALIFORNIA WESTSIDE FARMERS STATE PAC |
| 742617 | CALPAC - CALIFORNIA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 923507 | CALTRAVEL PAC, SPONSORED BY CALIFORNIA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION |
| 782240 | COMMITTEE FOR HOME OWNERSHIP, SPONSORED BY NORTH STATE BUILDING INDUSTRY ASSOC. |
| 1272719 | CONSERVATION ACTION FUND, SPONSORED BY ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS |
| 990629 | CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 760951 | COOPERATIVE OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS STATE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1290624 | DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC) FEC ID# C00204099 |
| 862122 | DEPUTY SHERIFFS' ASSOCIATION OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY PAC |
| 791360 | DISMANTLERS & RECYCLERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1266205 | DLA PIPER LLP (US) POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (DLA PIPER PAC) |
| 1255069 | DUANE MORRIS LLP GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE PA ID#7900289 |
| 742227 | EDISON INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES STATE & LOCAL PAC |
| 1231824 | EL SEGUNDO FIREFIGHTERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 771066 | EMERGENCY MEDICAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, SPONSORED BY CALIFORNIA CHAPTER, AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS |
| 992324 | ENTERPRISE HOLDINGS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDPAC ID# C00219642 |
| 782408 | ERNST & YOUNG LLP - CALIFORNIA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1239883 | FAMILY WINEMAKERS OF CALIFORNIA PAC |
| 901422 | FARMERS EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, SPONSORED BY FARMERS GROUP, INC. |
| 761070 | FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND |
| 1258377 | GEN EQUITY STATE PAC - SPONSORED BY GEN EQUITY |
| 810370 | HARRY S. TRUMAN CLUB - STATE |
| 961067 | HCA CALIFORNIA GOOD GOVERNMENT GROUP, SPONSORED BY FAR WEST DIVISION, INC. |
| 1232371 | HEAT AND FROST INSULATORS AND ASBESTOS WORKERS LOCAL 5 - PAC |
| 761414 | HUMBOLDT COUNTY DEMOCRATIC CENTRAL COMMITTEE |
| 862034 | IBEW LOCAL #100 COPE |
| 921730 | IBEW LOCAL 6 POLITICAL ACCOUNT |
| 890773 | INDEPENDENT ENERGY PRODUCERS POLITICAL FUND |
| 1318753 | INTERNATIONAL PAPER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (IP-PAC) (FED PAC ID C00034405) |
| 744675 | KERN COUNTY FIRE FIGHTERS UNION LOCAL 1301 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1279076 | L.A. COUNTY FIREFIGHTERS LOCAL 1014, IAFF EDUCATION PROJECT |
| 950674 | LABORERS LOCAL 300 SMALL CONTRIBUTOR COMMITTEE |
| 1251912 | LABORERS LOCAL 652 PAC |
| 930207 | LABORERS POLITICAL LEAGUE EDUCATION FUND - SPONSORED BY LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (MPO) |
| 1337192 | LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY PAC |
| 861332 | LOCAL 47, IBEW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 950393 | LOCAL SOCIETIES OF THE CALIFORNIA OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, THE AKA LSCOA-PAC |
| 781470 | LONG BEACH FIREFIGHTERS PAC, LOCAL 372 |
| 761004 | LONG BEACH POLICE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT COMMITTEE |
| 822029 | LOS ANGELES COUNTY BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION TRADES COUNCIL - POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 970225 | LOS ANGELES COUNTY PROFESSIONAL PEACE OFFICERS' ASSOCIATION SMALL CONTRIBUTOR COMMITTEE |
| 1244807 | LOS ANGELES COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 782257 | MC DONALDS CALIFORNIA OPERATORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1263106 | MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC (FED PAC ID C00227546) |
| 1323065 | MIEC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF CALIFORNIA, SPONSORED BY THE MEDICAL INSURANCE EXCHANGE OF CALIFORNIA |
| 810741 | NORCAL LABOR |
| 972104 | NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CARPENTERS REGIONAL COUNCIL SMALL CONTRIBUTOR COMMITTEE |
| 921655 | NORTHERN CALIFORNIA WATER ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 810263 | NRA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND |
| 790762 | OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 891396 | OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL UNION 3 DISTRICT 20 PAC |
| 891400 | OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL UNION 3 DISTRICT 60 PAC |
| 891401 | OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL UNION 3 DISTRICT 70 PAC |
| 891402 | OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL UNION 3 DISTRICT 80 PAC |
| 1245509 | ORANGE COUNTY COALITION OF POLICE & SHERIFFS INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE (OC COPS IEC) |
| 1245511 | ORANGE COUNTY COALITION OF POLICE & SHERIFFS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (OC COPS PAC) |
| 1323167 | ORANGE COUNTY EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION ISSUES COMMITTEE (NON-PROFIT 501 (C) 5) |
| 800304 | OSTEOPATHIC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE |
| 1343629 | OUR CHILDREN, OUR FUTURE CA |
| 802133 | PAINTING CONTRACTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 743492 | PILOTS ELECTION COMMITTEE |
| 910629 | PIPE TRADES DISTRICT COUNCIL #36 PAC |
| 743461 | PLACER COUNTY REPUBLICAN CENTRAL COMMITTEE (STATE) |
| 1271608 | PLANNED PARENTHOOD ADVOCATES MAR MONTE CANDIDATE PAC |
| 743201 | PLANT CALIFORNIA ALLIANCE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 891894 | PLUMBERS AND STEAMFITTERS LOCAL UNION NO. 230 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1219570 | PLUMBING, PIPING AND MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS PAC, SPONSORED BY CALIFORNIA LEGISLATIVE CONFERENCE OF PLUMBING HEATING AND PIPING INDUSTRY, THE |
| 746220 | POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE LEGISLATIVE INVOLVEMENT FOR TAXICAB PARATRANSIT ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA (LIFTPAC) |
| 782021 | POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ORANGE COUNTY DEPUTY SHERIFF'S |
| 1285796 | POWERPAC.ORG VOTER FUND, A SPONSORED COMMITTEE OF POWERPAC.ORG |
| 1286599 | PRIVACYPAC: NARAL PRO-CHOICE CALIFORNIA |
| 841621 | REPUBLICAN PARTY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY |
| 923445 | RESOURCE RECOVERY COALITION OF CALIFORNIA PAC |
| 1232817 | RITE AID POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (RAPAC) |
| 910414 | SACRAMENTO COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY - NON FEDERAL |
| 1269303 | SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS LOCAL 935 STATE PAC FUND |
| 741886 | SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY REPUBLICAN CENTRAL COMMITTEE - STATE |
| 1239870 | SAN DIEGO CREDIT UNIONS' PAC |
| 744131 | SAN DIEGO WORKS! SPONSORED BY SAN DIEGO-IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL AFL-CIO |
| 743393 | SAN JOSE FIREFIGHTERS, IAFF LOCAL 230 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 871053 | SANTA CLARA COUNTY DEMOCRATIC CENTRAL COMMITTEE UNITED DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN |
| 1225795 | SANTA MONICA POLICE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY |
| 981469 | SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION |
| 1273063 | SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000 CANDIDATE PAC |
| 1296947 | SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1021 ISSUES PAC |
| 1303833 | SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 121RN PAC |
| 1298154 | SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 221 PAC |
| 1351785 | SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION LOCAL UNION NO. 104 ISSUES COMMITTEE |
| 850381 | SHEET METAL WORKERS LOCAL UNION 104 POLITICAL COMMITTEE |
| 841600 | SIGN, DISPLAY & ALLIED CRAFTS, LOCAL 510 PAC |
| 742552 | SLO COUNTY DEMOCRATIC PARTY |
| 881014 | SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1327642 | SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PIPE TRADES DISTRICT COUNCIL 16 (NONPROFIT 501 (C) (5)) |
| 861377 | SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT MARKET ASSOCIATION CALIFORNIA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 990058 | SPRINKLER FITTERS & APPRENTICES LOCAL 483 LEGISLATIVE PAC |
| 1235097 | STATE AFFILIATED COPS PROP 34 COMMITTEE (SAC PAC) |
| 971482 | STONEWALL DEMOCRATIC CLUB |
| 782038 | TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF LONG BEACH / TEACHERS ACTIVE IN POLITICS FOR CANDIDATES |
| 930540 | TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF LONG BEACH/TEACHERS ACTIVE IN POLITICS FOR ISSUES |
| 970849 | TECHNOLOGY NETWORK (TECHNET) CALIFORNIA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 746875 | U.A. LOCAL 38 COPE FUND |
| 931704 | UNITED TEACHERS LOS ANGELES-POLITICAL ACTION COUNCIL OF EDUCATORS (PACE) ISSUES |
| 870990 | WESTERN BURGLAR AND FIRE ALARM ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 991225 | WESTERN ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION, INC. GOOD GOVERNMENT PAC |
| 851706 | WESTERN STATES COUNCIL OF SHEET METAL WORKERS PAC |
| 1246281 | WESTERN STATES TRUCKING ASSOCIATION PAC |
| 1326620 | WOMEN IN POWER (WIP PAC) |
| 1332378 | WORKING FOR WORKING AMERICANS SPONSORED BY UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS (MPO) |
Committees not previously in compliance
| Identification # | Entity Name |
|---|---|
| 1255127 | AFSCME LOCAL 3634 PAC |
| 1241359 | AFT STAFF GUILD LOCAL 1521-A COPE FUND |
| 970546 | AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CHINSE MEDICINE AND ACUPUNCTURE POLITICAL ACTION |
| 1222327 | ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS CENTRAL CALIFORNIA CHAPTER PAC (ABC-PAC) |
| 802001 | CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF HIGHWAY PATROLMEN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 911127 | CALIFORNIA AUTOBODY REPAIR PAC, SPONSORED BY THE CALIFORNIA AUTOBODY ASSOCIATION |
| 1256259 | CALIFORNIA NEW CAR DEALERS ASSOCIATION ISSUES PAC |
| 860167 | CALIFORNIA SOCIETY OF ENROLLED AGENTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE |
| 1349220 | FAMILY FARMERS WORKING FOR A BETTER CALIFORNIA, SPONSORED BY WESTERN GROWERS ASSOCIATION |
| 1254399 | LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA CITIES CITIPAC |
| 742344 | MONTEREY COUNTY REPUBLICAN CENTRAL COMMITTEE (STATE) |
| 1299419 | RANCHO CUCAMONGA PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS ASSOCIATION - IAFF LOCAL 2274 PAC |
| 743338 | SACRAMENTO CENTRAL LABOR COUNCIL - C.O.P.E. |
| 742165 | SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY DEMOCRATIC CENTRAL COMMITTEE |
| 742270 | SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY REPUBLICAN CC (STATE) |
| 1257632 | TEAMSTERS JOINT COUNCIL NO. 7 PAC |
| 1322828 | VOTERS FOR A NEW CALIFORNIA |
| 903125 | WORKERS' COMPENSATION DEFENSE ATTORNEYS EDUCATION FUND PAC |
| 1332307 | YOUTH POWER PAC, SPONSORED BY POWERCA ACTION |
If you have any questions, please contact Patricia Ballantyne at (916) 322-5744 or pballantyne@fppc.ca.gov.
How to File a Complaint
Anyone who suspects a violation of the Act should file a sworn complaint with the Enforcement Division.